Every quality that moves an indica seed has been put there by a range of mountains. The short stature, the fast flowering, the dense resinous buds, the wide dark leaf, the colour that appears as the nights go cold: none of these is a breeder's design. They are the answers a population arrived at through thousands of years to a particular set of problems, at high altitude, in a short dry season, across the slopes of the Hindu Kush and the ranges beyond it. Modern breeding took that answer off the mountain and refined it, yet the shape of the plant is still the shape of the place. The lines referred to below come from the range at https://kushindicaseeds.com and its stock traces to Afghanistan, northern Pakistan and the Indian Himalaya; the account itself holds to any genuine indica from any seed bank. Reading the terrain is the most reliable way to understand the pack.
The Hindu Kush runs for about eight hundred kilometres out of central Afghanistan towards northern Pakistan, with the wider indica zone spilling over to the western Himalaya on one side and the deserts of the Afghan interior to the other. The plant has been cultivated there for a very long time, mainly for hashish, which means chosen generation after year by farmers who wanted resin rather than any other quality else: something that could be sieved and pressed off a plant that would have finished before the first frost.
This is a different history from the one that produced the tropical sativas, where daylength hardly vary and the plant was free to grow for most of a year. Everything that comes below is a consequence of four facts about the place: it is high, it is dry, its growing season is short, and its nights go cold early. The sequence in which they are discussed here hardly matter; a plant experiences all of them at season.
Mountain nights drop under ten degrees weeks before the afternoons do, and a good number of indica lines react to that cold by making anthocyanin, the same compound that colours a maple leaf purple. In the plant it appears as purple in the calyxes, leaves and sometimes the stem, and it offers nothing for the grower except looking beautiful.
A point worth taking from it is a matter of lineage, rather than decorative. The tendency to turn is inherited from particular cold-valley stock, and a line that colours every time in a cold final fortnight carries that ancestry regardless of what the label says. Lines marketed as "purple" that only turn under heavy cold, or not at all, typically have the word in only the name and not in the plant. Chilling the room during the final weeks draws the colour out where it is present and does nothing at all if it does not; it also checks ripening, so it is a trade and not a costless trick.
A good deal of the traditional growing land sits from fifteen hundred and three metres. At that height the air is thin, the UV exposure is intense, the wind is relentless and each centimetre of stem above the ground costs water the plant can ill afford. A tall plant in such terrain dries out more, snaps more and gets little for its height, since there is no canopy to clear.
The plant which survived is compact: tight internodes, a single thick central stem, branches kept close, frequently wider than it is tall. In a tent that carries over directly: a true indica seed gains perhaps half its height again in flower whereas a sativa doubles, sits beneath a light at a short gap and rarely needs training down. Anyone with limited height choose indica for precisely this reason, and it is the mountain, not the breeder, that those growers are thanking.
The indica fan leaf is broad, thick and dark, and only a few broad lobes whereas a sativa leaf carries more thin ones. Both pressures about the terrain select for that form. High-altitude air and intense sun mean an heavy light load on each square centimetre, and a wide leaf catches enough and does not need much surface; a large thin leaf in that light just burn. And steady wind tears fine leaves, whereas a thick, short-stalked leaf holds.
The dark colour is chlorophyll loaded thickly into a heavy leaf, which is part of the same answer. For the tent these features count in one everyday way: a broad-leafed indica canopy shades everything below the top tier much more completely than a sativa's, which means lower flowers of an unmanaged indica come in small and loose. Growers who strip a few fan leaves at week three are undoing, carefully, what the range did over thousands of years.
The traditional homeland is arid: low humidity, intense sun, little rainfall through the late summer. A plant in such a place has two pressures that its resin answers together. It needs to shield its reproductive parts from ultraviolet light, and it must hold moisture inside the bud through a long stretch of desiccating wind. Trichomes do both: the heads absorb the ultraviolet and the coating reduces moisture loss. Selection for hashish on top of that pushed the trait further, because resin was the crop.
Tight flower structure goes to the same cause: a tightly packed bud gives up less water than an airy one in arid air. In a tent those same traits come as a pair, and only one of them is unconditionally welcome. The resin is. The density turns into a liability the moment the air is humid: a bud built to hold water in a desert retains it equally as well in a wet tent, and botrytis moves through a dense indica cola more quickly than in any flower an equator has ever made. The quality that moves the seed is the same trait that needs a drier room in the last few weeks.
At two thousand metres the growing window is brief, while the autumn comes quickly and comes decisively. A plant that took fourteen weeks to finish after the days began to shorten did not make seed on such ground, and the genes left the population. The plant that remained reacts fast to shortening days and ripens in roughly seven to nine weeks from that cue.
In a tent that reflex is the single most frequently valued indica quality. Flip to twelve hours and the plant commits immediately, grows for a fortnight and stacks flower for the rest of a brief run. The quickest lines at Kush Indica Seeds finish in around 7 weeks from the flip, which permits five or six cycles a year out of one space where a long sativa gives two. This speed is no efficiency on the breeder's side; it is the snowline written into the plant's own calendar.
The great majority of indica seed labels carry place names or derive from one, and the places are more informative than most buyers realise. "Afghani" usually refers to stock from the Mazar-i-Sharif region, and a typical squat, hash-plant, fast-finishing form. "Hindu Kush" on a name points to the central range itself and frequently to material taken on the Pakistani side. "Chitral" or "Mazar" point to particular valleys with their own local forms, the first often colouring and the latter large and late for an indica. Kush Indica Seeds lists the collection region for every line whenever it is known, and that makes the name from a brand into a fact the grower can use.
Almost all indica packs on sale is hybrid material many generations from the valley, bred for uniformity rather than for the variation a pure landrace carries; a buyer who is after the population itself needs to look for packs described as unselected landrace stock and accept the variation which arrive with the label.
Each adaptation discussed above was an answer to a pressure which a tent does not impose, and any solution that has lost its pressure behaves either of two things: it turns into a free bonus or it becomes a hazard. The speed and the low frame are advantages, since no condition in a tent penalises a plant for them. The density and the heavy leaf become hazards, because the arid air that made sense of them is gone and the still air of a closed room does exactly the reverse effect.
This is why an indica cycle goes well or fails in a single variable far more than any other: humidity in the final three weeks. A person that holds it low is rewarded with the hard, frosted, early flower the mountain built; one that does not gets mould inside the thickest colas, which is exactly where the mountain had arranged the plant to keep moisture in. Indoors, the terrain is to be reconstructed in the last two weeks: cool, dry, moving air. All that remains about running indica is easy precisely because the plant was bred to survive somewhere hard.
The word that lent the range its name has since travelled a long way from it than almost any other in cannabis. "Kush" in a current seed name may mean a true Hindu Kush reproduction, a Californian Coast hybrid with one Kush grandparent, or a strain named Kush because the breeder thought the sound of it. A famous OG Kush line, and this accounts for most of the appearances of the word today, is probably more sativa-influenced than many of the plants it takes the name from, and its stretch, finishing time and leaf shape say as.
The practical reading is the same one which holds throughout this page: look past the word and go back to the terrain. A listing which states an modest stretch, a finishing time under nine weeks, a hard flower and a wide leaf is describing a mountain plant regardless of what it is named; one that states a lanky frame, eleven weeks and open flowers is describing something else wearing a mountain name. The seed remembers where it came by; the name often has forgotten.
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